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A blast furnace (BF) is the dominant process for making iron in the world. The BF is charged with metallurgical coke and iron burden materials including iron ore pellets, sinter, and lump ore. While descending in the BF the charge materials reduce. The iron‐bearing materials should reduce fast and remain in the solid form until as high a …
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ABSTRACT. Sinter plants process a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, slag-forming agents and solid fuel (coke) with the finality of obtaining a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical) for being fed to the blast furnace.
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FeO so formed combines with SiO 2 and fluxes resulting in the formation of fluxed sinter.. The flexibility of the sintering process permits conversion of a variety of materials, including iron ore fines, captured dusts, ore concentrates, and other iron-bearing materials of small particle size (e.g., mill scale) into a clinker-like agglomerate.
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4.2.3.1.3.2 Sinter Making. The iron ore fines (− 10 mm) are agglomerated using Dwight Lloyed sintering machine. The iron ore fines and coke breeze fines mix with moisture is fed on the sinter bed which is ignited by a gas burner to initiate sintering process. The hot sintered ore is discharged at the end of the machine. The energy …
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Based on the particle size, iron ores are classified as iron ore fines (<10 mm) or iron ore lump (6.3–31.5 mm); iron ore fines are first processed in a sinter plant, while lump ores can be charged into the blast furnace (BF) directly. Iron ore lump is the lowest cost iron bearing material for the BF burden.
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Sinter is created by mixing iron ore concentrate with several additives such as limestone and silica to control the chemistry and then igniting it at 1200°C in a continuous belt-fed furnace. Sinter feed composition control is important because the various sinter feed materials are not perfectly characterized and their chemical makeup varies ...
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The moisture content of iron ore must be suitable for safe handling and transporting operations. Here, the characterization and drying kinetics of iron ore concentrates were presented and ...
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The industrial trails show that when the fluxed iron ore ratio is increased, the beneficial effect of the superior sintering characteristics of the fluxed iron ore itself is ideally balanced with ...
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It was found that the addition of iron ore concentrate and/or micropellets to the sinter feed resulted in a significant increase in permeability of the granulated bed, but a large drop in sinter ...
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The effects of feed properties on the granulation of iron ore sinter feed have been studied using simplified sinter mixes. A measure of granulation effectiveness, x 0.5, has been defined as the particle size at which half the particles act as adhering particles and half as nuclei particles.High values of x 0.5 correspond to large mean granule sizes. …
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The kinetics of iron ore sinter feed granalation were shown to have a major impact on granule size distribution. ... Research Group on Porous Meso-mosaic Texture Sinter in ISIJ was established ...
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This is misconceived, as non-concentrated grades of sinter feed are the same as iron ore fines, whichthe IMO has ruled should be considered as Group A cargoes (see the Association's circular of 13 December 2010 on Indian iron ore fines and IMO Circular No. DSC.1/Circ.63 of 12 October 2010).
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Correspondingly, the challenges in sintering granulation field are proposed to include: (1) Development of iron ore sintering industry; (2) Ore blending optimization based on synergistic coupling ...
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The final stage in iron ore processing is ironmaking, where the iron ore is transformed into molten iron through a process called reduction. The most common method of ironmaking is the blast furnace route. In a blast furnace, iron ore, coke (carbon), and fluxes (limestone or dolomite) are loaded into the furnace from the top.
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The Finmet ® and Circored ® processes are identified as direct reduction technologies that directly use a hydrogen-rich reducing gas and iron ore fines. The feed material for the Finmet ® process is sinter feed ore, meaning a particle size distribution mainly between 0.05 and 8 mm, while the feed material for the Circored ® process is ...
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Abstract The sinter–briquette complex firing process which is an effective technology for utilization of low grade ultra-fine ore is a method for charging sinter feed mixed with briquette made of ultra-fine ore. To uniformly fire briquettes using the excess heat from the lower part of the sinter feed bed, they must be segregated in that region. …
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Table 4 Iron ore blend mix proportion Iron ore blend Exp-1 Exp-2 Exp-3 Exp-4 Exp-5 Iron ore 1, % 30 Iron ore 2, % 55 35 25 15 5 Iron ore 3, % 15 Pellet nes, % 0 20 30 40 50 MPS of iron ore blend, mm 2.25 2.20 2.18 2.16 2.14
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Waste gases from iron ore fine preparations for blast furnace ironmaking, or sintering, contain minute quantities of acidic species, dust, and dioxin pollutants, but because of the very large quantities of iron ore processed and the large volume throughput of air involved, sintering is a major source of these emissions and also CO 2 into the …
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Iron ore sinter constitutes a major proportion of blast furnace burden. Hence, its quality and consistency have a significant impact on blast furnace performance. ... (total moisture minus moisture absorbed by sinter feed components) [32,33]. Maximum production is achieved with the optimum moisture addition, which is less than that required for ...
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An ore-blending optimization model for the sintering process is an intelligent system that includes iron ore characteristics, expert knowledge and material balance. In the present work, 14 indices are proposed to represent chemical composition, granulating properties and high temperature properties of iron ores. After the relationships between …
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Figure 3 shows a comparison of the IEA and WSD views and the related iron ore demand of between 400 and 600 mt by 2050, compared to about 160 mt in 2019. From the quantitative perspective, iron ore supply should not be an issue, with BF iron production falling from just under 1.3 billion tonnes in 2019 to 665 mt by 2050 per IEA's SDS (see …
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This paper contains a discussion of common flow problems storing and handling products like iron ore, sinter feed and pellet feed, including mass flow technology, testing …
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the sinter plant. 1,4) According to the Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Iron and Steel Production8) the average rate of BF dust recycling at European sinter plants is 12.7 kg/t of sinter. In the sintering process coke breeze is used as fuel to sup-ply the thermal energy for sintering the feed material. At the
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In the new process, the first feed mixture layer (lower layer) is distributed on the sinter machine pallet, then the first feed mixture layer is ignited for one minute. After approximate 10 to 20 min sintering (the length of pre-sintering time is up to the height ratio of upper and lower layer), the second sinter feed mixture layer
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Correspondingly, the challenges in sintering granulation field are proposed to include: (1) Development of iron ore sintering industry; (2) Ore blending optimization based on synergistic coupling of granulation and sintering; (3) Optimization of granulation process and equipment; (4) Methods and tools for granulation scientific research.
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The ultimate goal of the iron ore sintering process is to maximize the sinter productivity, strength, and reducibility (which are related to the energy consumption in …
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Facing the consumption of high-grade iron ore, high-alumina iron ore emerges as a potential alternative for steel companies aiming to cut costs and address …
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Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron in a blast furnace. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the sintering process converts fine-sized raw materials, including iron ore, coke breeze, limestone, mill scale, and flue dust, into an agglomerated product, sinter, of suitable size for charging into the blast furnace. ...
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The obtained structural change of the sintering bed show that the proposed model is a potential tool to analyse the agglomeration phenomena occurring in the iron ore sintering process under various conditions. KEY WORDS: iron ore sintering; DEM; simulation; agglomeration; granules; heat transfer; structural change; packed bed. 1.
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Low NOx emphasizes directing oxygen towards char to generate CO 2 rather than NOx in the sintering process. Reduction agents such as char, CO, and iron ores with specific …
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