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Heidaigou open-pit coal mine was chosen as an example to explore the influences of bench height on cast blasting in open-pit coal mines. Theoretical analyses and site tests were carried out ...
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Blast Design Parameters. When designing a blast, several parameters are considered, including bench height, hole diameter, rock type, and explosive type. The fundamental principles of blasting are closely tied to hole diameter and burden, forming the foundation of the initial design process. The following guide outlines the design process:
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The geometry of surface mine bench blasting has a significant influence on drilling and blasting efficiency and cost, as well as various ... The mine is located in Iran, about 10 km from Delijan city. In this case, the depth of the pit is 1510 m and the height of each bench is 10 m. Blast no.HN1 is chosen to compare with the numerical method. ...
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Figure 2—Distribution of the cost in a surface mine (%) (Georgen, 1987) 20%—Blasting 33%—Transportation 20%—Primary Crushing 10%—Drilling 17%—Loading. Bench length and width have been chosen to be 100 m and ... growing bench height. Blasting For the explosive material, 5 per cent Al added ANFO with a density of 0.9 kg/dm3 has been ...
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311mm diameter were used depending on their bench height. Bench height is related to the working capability of loaders and varies from 5 m to 42 m. A few blasts were performed by the existing blast design practiced in the mine and after each blast, scaled digital photographs (ten to 20 numbers) of the
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This paper aims to evaluate dynamic slope stability induced by tunnel blast vibration with the help of a combination of geoelectrical techniques (e.g., vertical electrical sounding and electrical ...
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For instance, some of them affecting parameters in blast vibration are powder factor, rock properties, size of the blast, deck blasting, geometric parameters of blast including blast hole diameter and bench height, distance from the blast, burden and spacing, delay intervals, etc. . AI developed models for ground vibration prediction …
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The blasting quality of open-pit mining can be enhanced and the production cost of stope reduced by establishing a mathematical model for step drilling and blasting costs based on stope consumption. By enhancing the Gray Wolf algorithm, the parameters for step drilling and blasting are optimized, resulting in improved effectiveness for step …
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Bilgin (1991) explored the influence of the burden on the blasting effect in bench blasting and found that when the burden is almost equal to half of the bench height, the maximum volume of broken ...
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A series of bench blasting productive tests were conducted in Heishan coal mine in Xinjiang, China. The rock mass of the quarry is slightly weathered sandstone, the saturation moisture compressive strength is 24–42 MPa, and the natural density is 2.41–2.69 g/cm 3.The blasthole diameter used in the previous blasts is 138 mm, and the …
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As the blasting damage to rock slopes and benches is higher with ... formation in a semi-mechanised iron ore mine where the bench height was restricted to 5 m for safety reasons. When drill tools ...
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to numerous factors, i.e. small area under mining lease, lower bench height, vicinity to residential and other struc-tures, higher degree of segregation of oversized boulders required after blasting, and heterogeneous geology, to name a few. The present study attempts to establish how blast design in Indian building stone quarries influences
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surface mining than for underground mining. In surface mining, blasting patterns have . ... Bench height: v ertical distance between upper and lower surfaces of a bench. It is .
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'CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Regional Centre Unit-I, 3rd Floor, MECL Complex, Seminary Hills, Nagpur 440 006, India department of Mining Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, India Flyrock is one of the most contentious issues in bench blasting. Unlike ground vibrations, flyrock has the
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Usually, lower height of bench (equal or less than 5 m) is suitable for small blastholes and 10–15 m high bench is used for moderate to large-scale rock blasting. In bench blasting, the ratio of the bench height to the burden, H/W in Fig. 8.1, is an important concept—the stiffness of the bench, and it has great influence on the results …
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A mine's blasting engineer's goal is to create a proper muck pile with a reasonable distribution of rock sizes for efficient loading, transportation, and milling . ... On computing the patch area (PA) in m 2, average bench height (H), average drilling depth (D) ...
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The influence of blasting parameters on bench mining has been extensively investigated using experiment, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis. ... The height and hole spacing were 150 mm and 100 mm, respectively, and the distance from the blasthole to the side-free surface was 100 mm. Four different toe burdens were used: 40 …
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In opencast mining, where blasting is employed for excavation, the overall cost effectiveness of the production operations is compatible with optimization of drilling and blasting parameters. ... k 50 is the average fragment in cm, A is a rock factor, V is the rock volume in m 3 broken per hole (burden × spacing × bench height), and Q is the ...
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drill large diameter holes. Historically the production blast designs used subdrill and stemming lengths with standard design factors relative to the hole diameter. As a result, the stemming length was equal to almost 50% of the bench height. The uneven vertical distribution of the explosives combined with the structural orientation and spacing
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Bowa introduced a practical method in an open pit mine to optimize blasting design parameters such as bench height, drill hole diameter, spacing, etc. [5]. Tosun …
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Here's an interesting chart, which is a compilation of the hole diameter and bench height at more than a hundred mine sites. As you can see, there is a rough relationship between the bench height and the diameter of drill …
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drilling-blasting requirements, deposit mining conditions and transportation conditions, ore loss, and dilution. Meanwhile, it also affects the ... Bench in Open-Pit Mining, Table 1 Height of production bench of metal and nonmetal open-pit mine in China Orerockproperties Excavation method Bench height
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1.5 This code does not cover the management of post -blast fume, other than to t he extent that the correct implementation of the blast design, appropriate explosives selection and water management, and good blast management will minimize the potential for post blast fume. Specific guidelines managingfor preventing and post-blast fume are
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The combination of blasthole diameter and bench height was divided into three categories, each with its specific characteristics. ... Keeping the lid on ¯yrock in open-pit blasting. Eng. Mining ...
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• Blast hole diameter (D)inmm≤15 × Bench height in m; • Bench height ≥ (Blast hole diameter in mm)/15; ... Blasting plays a key role in mining operations, and its results can directly affect downstreamoperations,includingcrushingandmilling.Therefore,predictingablast
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PDF | On Aug 27, 2012, H. Inanloo Arabi Shad and others published An empirical relation to calculate the proper burden in blast design of open pit mines based on modification of the Konya relation ...
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Then, the design Parameters for bench blasting are given in figure below as follows: Figure 2: Design parameters for bench blasting Where by: D- Blast Hole diameter (m), K is the Bench Height (m), B is the Burden (m), E is the Blasthole Spacing (m), U is the Blast Hole Sub-drilling (m), S(ho) is the Blast hole stemming length (m), …
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Bench height, hole diameter, spacing, burden, hole length, bottom charge, column charge, stemming, specific hole length and specific charge are the design parameters in bench production blasting.
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Figure 4.3: Isometric View of Typical Bench Blasting Diagram. Dick (1982) Bench Height. As already mentioned, bench height can have significant consequences on the burden thickness. It is measured, simply, as the depth of the drilled hole, identified as H in Figure 4.3. Typical height to burden ratios are between 1.5 to 4.0 (Dick 1982).
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The ratio of bench height (H) to effective firing burden (Be) represents the stiffness ratio in a surface mine bench blast. Changing the bench height, effective burden and/or the mode of firing may change this ratio in field-scale blasts. This is because, for a given burden, there exists a maximum bench height to produce a full crater.
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