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14.1.3 El Bahariya Middle Eocene Iron Ore. With the beginning of Lutetian time, northward retreat of the Tethyan paleoshoreline took place and sea drowns the Bahariya paleohigh (Fig. 14.6), Western Desert that had stood as positive blocks subjected to denudation and pedogenesis since Late Cretaceous time (El Aref et al. …
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Archeologists believe that iron was discovered by the Hittites of ancient Egypt somewhere between 5000 and 3000 BCE. During this time, they hammered or pounded the metal to create tools and weapons. They found and extracted it from meteorites and used the ore to make spearheads, tools and other trinkets.
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The Egyptian iron and steel industry has depended mainly on the iron ore reserves of Aswan from 1956 to 1972. After this date, Bahariya area (Western Desert) became the main iron ore supplier in Egypt. It is embedded in a shallow marine succession deposited by southward shift of the Tethyan paleo-shoreline during the …
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Iron implements, although present in Egypt since the 26th Dynasty (ca. 665–525 BCE), did not become common before the Ptolemaic period (305 BCE–30 BCE), because Egypt did not have access to major sources of iron ore. The most common metals for daily use were copper and bronze (a copper-tin alloy).
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Iron ore is mined directly in the oasis (Fig. 2 r), which is an important mining site in Egypt. The iron ore lies at the basal part of the Naqb Formation (Ypresian, lower Eocene) replacing carbonates.
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It is also the only company in Egypt, which has a sintering plant and uses local iron ores to produce pig iron in which Coke reduces the ore to iron in a blast furnace by reacting with oxygen to make carbon monoxide. One molecule of iron ore reacts with three molecules of carbon monoxide, leaving two iron atoms and three molecules of carbon ...
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Download Citation | Beneficiation of low grade Ghorabi iron ore, Bahariya Oasis, Egypt: A case study | The Ghorabi iron ore is composed mainly of goethite, hematite and quartz minerals. Chemically ...
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Uses. The primary use of iron ore (98%) is to make steel. The remaining 2% is used in various other applications, such as powdered iron for certain types of steel, auto parts and catalysts; radioactive iron for medicine; and iron blue in paints, inks, cosmetics, and plastics.
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The scarcity of high-quality iron ore sources in ancient Egypt, as well as the difficulty in extracting and working with iron, contributed to its limited use in practical applications.
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The Egyptian iron and steel industry has depended mainly on the iron ore reserves of Aswan from 1956 to 1972. After this date, Bahariya area (Western Desert) …
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The most primitive facility used to smelt iron is a bloomery. There, a blacksmith burns charcoal with iron ore and a good supply of oxygen (provided by a bellows or blower). Charcoal is essentially pure carbon. The carbon combines with oxygen to create carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (releasing lots of heat in the process). Carbon and carbon ...
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Iron processing, use of a smelting process to turn the ore into a form from which products can be fashioned. Included in this article also is a discussion of the mining of iron and of its preparation for smelting. Iron (Fe) is a relatively dense metal with a silvery white appearance and distinctive
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Characterization and Exploitation of El-Gedida High-Mn Iron Ore, El-Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt
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Other pre-Iron Age iron objects have been found in Egypt, including an amulet in the 4,000-year-old tomb of Queen Aashyet in Deir el-Bahari and a dagger blade in King Tutankhamun's tomb.
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For thousands of years before they learned to smelt iron ore, Egyptians were crafting beads and trinkets from it, harvesting the metal from fallen meteorites.
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In Egypt, despite its long-standing connections with the Levant and early use of meteoritic iron, the adoption of smelted iron was significantly delayed (Snodgrass …
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Turning to iron ore exports and imports, the tonnages are summarized in Table 1.1 for 2012 and 2018 (Australian Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources, 2021; US Geological Survey, 2020; United National Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2021).As shown in Fig. 1.3, China is the largest iron ore …
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What is Iron Ore? Earth's most important iron ore deposits are found in sedimentary rocks.They formed from chemical reactions that combined iron and oxygen in marine and fresh waters. The two most important …
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Mineral resources in Egypt are diverse. This chapter deals with the metallic ores. The chapter starts with the iron ores in Egypt and special emphasis is given to the origin of Egyptian banded ...
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Unlike iron, which is hugely abundant on the earth's crust, the geological distribution of economically exploitable tin is restricted, making it a semi-scarce metal. While not much is known about the smelting of tin across Egypt, the tin ore cassiterite was smelted in the Jos Plateau of Nigeria during the Iron Age.
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Halloysite in El-Gideda iron mine occurs as very soft, light and white-to-pinkish white pockets and lenses ranging in diameter from 50 cm to 1 m within the iron ore. Highly hydrated halloysite is the main constituent of these …
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The chapter starts with the iron ores in Egypt and special emphasis is given to the origin of Egyptian banded iron-formations. In addition to iron, the chapter covers …
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Egyptian iron ore deposits are linked with ferruginous sandstones and clays and are considered among Egypt's most economically sustainable resources (Mekkawi et al., …
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Iron Ore Imports in Egypt. For the fourth year in a row, Egypt recorded growth in overseas purchases of iron ores and concentrates, which increased by 9.7% to 6.1M tons in 2022.
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Unlike India or certain areas of Africa, there was simply no charcoal to use. Smelting of iron ore occurs at 1000–1500 ℃. Iron oxides becomes metallic iron at 1250 ℃ or 300° below the melting point of iron at 1538 ℃. ... Krupp FR (1962) Iron ore project, Qusseir (Upper Egypt). Main survey, 1st phase 1960–1962, Geol. Survey internal ...
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Iron implements, although present in Egypt since the 26th Dynasty (ca. 665–525 BCE), did not become common before the Ptolemaic period (305 BCE–30 …
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Choose from multiple DOI resolution options
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Exports In 2022, Egypt exported $31.3M in Iron Ore, making it the 40th largest exporter of Iron Ore in the world. At the same year, Iron Ore was the 191st most exported product in Egypt. The main destination of Iron Ore exports from Egypt are: United Kingdom ($10.6M), Vietnam ($10M), Romania ($6.33M), Indonesia ($2.48M), and Malaysia ($1.93M).
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Earliest Iron (c. 3300–1200 BC) Before the second millennium BC, iron is reported only in small quantities. Waldbaum (1980, pp. 69–70) identified 14 iron artifacts from Iran, Mesopotamia, and Egypt that supposedly date to before 3000 BC, but a number of these are likely intrusive or incorrectly identified as metallic iron (see Rehren et al. …
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The iron ore required for iron production was delivered from the nearby specular hematite mines of the Abu Gerida area. This Egyptian specularite is …
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