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2.2. Leaching agents. The following solutions were used as leaching agents. They were (i) an aqueous solution of the commercial reagent of ferric sulfate for coagulation (Ferix-3, Kemira, Finland) containing 10.1 g/L of Fe 3+ and supplemented with mineral salts of the 9 K medium (Silverman and Lundgren, 1959), (ii) a solution containing microbially …
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Low-temperature leaching with chlorine gas is found to be more efficient as compared to oxidative leaching processes. However, the challenge is to overcome the slow leaching kinetic caused by passivation. ... The activation energy was calculated from the slope of logK d vs 1/T. The apparent activation energy is 8.2453 kJ/mol, suggesting ...
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The gold leaching efficiency by direct cyanidation is less than 8%. The gold concentrate contains a small amount of mica minerals containing Na + and a large amount of K + introduced during flotation. In the process of high temperature, high pressure, and rich oxygen pretreatment by acid, jarosite is easily formed, and part of the bare gold is ...
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As shown in Table 1, the sample contains 1.14% vanadium, and the main chemical components are V, Fe, and Al 2 O 3.Vanadium is mainly contained in biotite. As shown in Table 2, trivalent vanadium accounts for 90.18% of raw ore, and high-valent vanadium such as tetravalent and pentavalent accounts for less than 10%.Therefore, …
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To process mica concentrate the energy-efficient technology of sulfuric acid–fluoride low-temperature atmospheric leaching was developed enabling to exclude the …
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The proposed sulfuric acid–fluoride leaching of lithium and other rear alkalis from the mica concentrate allows processing the raw materials without …
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To solve the problems caused by roasting–leaching, it is necessary to develop a green, clean, efficient, and energy-saving extraction process for vanadium-bearing shale . Extracting vanadium by acid leaching without roasting can save the equipment for roasting minerals and avoid environmental pollution, which has become …
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Both the rare metal in the mica and the mica minerals are valuable resources. However, in order to obtain the rare metal during the conventional extraction process, the mica crystal has to be destroyed, which results in a lot of solid waste being generated and inefficient utilization of mica minerals. In this work, rubidium-bearing …
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Currently, the technology for recovering lithium from CG and CFA mainly focuses on pre-treatment, lithium leaching, and selective extraction of lithium from the …
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Lithium (Li) is the lightest metallic element, one of the most important rare elements being used in the military, aerospace, nuclear industry, and new energy fields, and is known as the metal that is driving the world forward (Eppinger and Fuge, 2009).Demand for lithium is growing exponentially as governments around the world …
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The gold in the concentrate calcine was leached with three leaching methods, including thiosulfate leaching, thiourea leaching, and thiourea and thiosulfate leaching. The leaching conditions of gold by thiosulfate were as follows: 5 mmol/L CuSO 4, 0.6 mol/L NH 3, 0.1 mol/L Na 2 S 2 O 3, and leaching time of 12 h [26], and gold …
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Rare-earth elements (REEs) are required for use in modern high-tech applications and demand has increased significantly over the last decade. 1 However, processing of REE ores poses potential hazards to human health and the environment due to challenges in the management of thorium (Th) and uranium (U) in waste products. 2 If …
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energy-efficient, technically advanced, forced-air flotation machine on the market. It has been specifically designed to maximise fine particle recovery. Dorr-Oliver flotation cells, in conjunction with the self-aspirated WEMCO® flotation cell, provide a mixed row flotation that delivers the highest recovery possible.
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Energy supplement with acoustic cavitation of 130 kWh/kg concentrate resulted in a leaching recovery of tungsten (WO 3) of 71.5%, compared to 36.7% obtained in absence of ultrasound. The results confirm that the method developed is energy efficient and gives a recovery rate potentially better than current autoclave technology.
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Efficient processing of mica concentrate can be carried out using an alkaline extraction technology, including decomposition with a sodium hydroxide solution under autoclave leaching conditions, followed by extraction of lithium first, then rubidium and cesium, with final precipitation from lithium, rubidium, and cesium re-extracts in the …
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Heaps and dumps present a number of advantages and disadvantages (Table 1) compared to conventional milling and flotation of sulphide ores (Acevedo, 2002, Brierley, 2008).In the immediate future, heap leaching is likely to be a major area of expansion, though new patented processes (Pradhan et al., 2008, Thiel and Smith, …
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From the leach solution, rare earth oxide of 99.2% purity was produced. The leach residue containing 96.4% Fe 2 O 3 was obtained as a by-product of the process. The lower chlorination roasting temperature and shorter roasting time (300 °C, 3 h) make the process more energy-efficient.
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The global lithium resource reserves are 22 Mt (metal) (USGS, 2022), of which 34% are from hard rock lithium mines (Li LJ et al., 2018), mainly including Australia Greenbushes, Canada Quebec, China Jiajika, Zimbabwe Bikita and other pegmatite lithium deposits (Zhang SJ et al., 2020; Yang HP, et al. 2019).There are more than 150 kinds of …
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MoO3 is a widely accessible foundation material and the primary compound used to produce numerous molybdenum products. The ore was first roasted, and the leaching behavior of concentrated molybdenite mineral was assessed. The optimal conditions for the leaching process were identified in the second step, and in a …
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The preparation process of sodium molybdate has the disadvantages of high energy consumption, low thermal efficiency, and high raw material requirement of molybdenum xide, in order to realize the green and efficient development of molybdenum concentrate resources, this paper proposes a new process for efficient …
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In previous studies, to tackle the gelation problem, lower solid-to-liquid (e.g. S/L = 1/50), higher acid concentration and leaching temperatures have been proposed 17,21.However, such acid ...
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mixture and magnetically stirred for 30 min to leach the lithium sulphate (Li 2SO 4) from the concentrate and solubilized it. The leached Li 2SO 4 solution was separated from the roasted concentrate by filtration on a Buchner using a 1 µm pore filter paper and the roasted concentrate was washed three times with 25 mL of milliQ water ...
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The effects of leaching time (30–180 min), acid concentration (0.25–2 M), and temperature (25–66°C) were discussed by considering the leaching efficiency of copper and impurities. Increasing the acid concentration increased the leaching …
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In this work, rubidium-bearing biotite (Rb-BB) was adopted to efficiently extract Rb through ion exchange. The influences of experimental conditions on the Rb …
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A cation exchange ratio between 35% and 154% of their cation exchange capacity (CEC) was achieved, being more efficient when mica layer charge diminished. ... low-carbon energy-saving, and sustainable solutions for sewage heavy metal treatment. ... and the results of the Toxicity Leaching Test (TCLP) showed that the addition of N-HAS ...
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The development of related smelting technologies has promoted the energy saving and emission reduction of nickel industry to a large extent and has a broad development prospect. ... Tong L, Dreisinger D. Interfacial properties of liquid sulfur in the pressure leaching of nickel concentrate. Miner Eng. 2009; 22 (5):456–461. [Google …
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Due to ecological impacts, industry and researchers worldwide are looking for efficient alternative gold leaching methods. One concept generated from sustainable mining is that of green gold, in which the pursuit for an alternative for cyanide leaching is one of the focus (Hendrix, 2005). In line with this, less or non-toxic leaching reagents ...
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In this work, a novel, green, and efficient leaching process using a ferric salt solution was demonstrated for lithium extraction from calcined lithium-rich clay samples. Calcination treatment of Li-bearing clay was necessary for subsequent lithium extraction. When ferric sulfate was used as the leaching reagent, up to 64.2–73.6% of lithium ...
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An energy-efficient route for simultaneous extraction of lithium, rubidium and cesium from a lepidolite concentrate via concentrated sulfuric acid baking followed by water leaching was systematically investigated in this study. The lepidolite concentrate was characterized by automated mineralogical technique AMICS.
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Acidithiomicrobium was the dominant iron-oxidizer in Ni concentrate leaching at 49 °C.. First specific demonstration of Acidithiomicrobium potential for base metal leaching.. S. thermosulfidooxidans was the preferred moderate thermophile with Ni-Cu concentrate.. Efficient Ni-Cu concentrate continuous leaching required high …
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