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Its main ore, is bauxite, which contains aluminium oxide; Aluminium is higher in the reactivity series than carbon, so it cannot be extracted by reduction using carbon; Instead, aluminium is extracted by electrolysis The electrolysis of aluminium. Diagram showing the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis
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In another study, scandium extraction was carried out from tungsten ore residue which contained iron and manganese (Wolframite ore residue) . Prior to ion exchange process, Fe 3+ and Mn 4+ were reduced to divalent form by using reducing agents. Pregnant leach solution was introduced into ion exchange columns after …
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Abstract The removal of iron as magnetite from a high iron bauxite ore was investigated by carbothermal reduction and magnetic separation. Thermodynamic calculations using HSC Chemistry 6·1 were utilised to determine the equilibrium compositions of the reaction products as a function of temperature and carbon additions. …
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Extraction of Aluminium (Aluminium Ore) - To generate aluminium oxide from aluminium ore called bauxite is purified, a white powder form which aluminium can be extracted. ... Bauxite ore (Al 2 O 3.xH 2 O) is the major source of aluminium till date which is a mixture of hydrated aluminium oxide. Aluminium can also be recovered from cryolite (Na ...
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Bauxite is a sedimentary rock mineral that is the primary source of aluminum. It is formed through the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks in tropical and subtropical regions. The name bauxite is derived from the French village of Les Baux, where it was first discovered in 1821 by geologist Pierre Berthier. Bauxite is typically found in layers …
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Utilization of low-grade bauxite for alumina production has become a worldwide urgent issue due to the increasing aluminum demand and the lack of high-quality bauxite ores [].Low-grade bauxite usually contains high iron, high sulfur or high silicon minerals [2,3,4].Typically, in low-grade high-iron bauxite, the main ferrous phases are α …
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Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust and is a constituent of many minerals. However, the material which is highest in aluminum and most free from objectionable impurities is bauxite which, therefore, is practically the only source of the metal under present processes. Bauxite is the general name given to the hydrated ...
Bauxite also includes the iron oxides, goethite, hematite and small amounts of titanium, silica and other minerals and other impurities in minor or trace amounts. Bauxite usually contains the clay mineral kaolinite and has a density ranging from 2 600 to 3 500 kg/m3. Bauxite colour varies from whitish to pink to reddish brown
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Bauxite is the most common aluminium ore. Bauxite occurs as a weathered cover or blanket, known as laterite or duricrust, over a variety of alumina-bearing rocks. It forms when large amounts of rainfall leach away the more mobile elements in the host rock leaving the relatively immobile aluminium with some silicon, iron and titanium.
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After extraction, the waste product generated known as 'red mud' or 'bauxite residue' which gets its color and name from the iron oxide content present in it. Red mud contains undigested alumina, oxides of titanium, silicon, calcium, vanadium, manganese, calcium carbonates, calcium aluminates, and sodium aluminosilicates and a ...
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Description and properties of common iron ore minerals. Iron ore minerals are rocks or minerals that contain iron in concentrations high enough to be economically extracted. Common iron ore minerals include: Hematite (Fe2O3): Hematite is the most abundant and important iron ore mineral. It is typically steel-gray to black in color and …
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ore were transformed into soluble sulfate and then sepa-rated from SiO 2 by leaching and filtration. The excessive (NH 4) 2SO 4 was recrystallized from SO 3,NH 3, and H 2O, and the additional NH 3 gas was absorbed by dilute H 2SO 4 to form (NH 4) 2SO 4, or absorbed by carbonic acid to form NH 4HCO 3, which was used to precipitate Fe and Al.Iron and …
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In this study, metal extraction from bauxite ore was carried out with a two-stage leaching process. At the first stage, bauxite ore was leached under atmospheric …
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The external bauxite has a high iron content, and the red mud produced is predominantly high-iron bauxite red mud. For example, the content of Fe 2 O 3 in high-iron red mud in Australia is as high as 60%. Most of the bauxite in China is monohydrate bauxite, among which the bauxite contained in Guangxi Pingguo area is high-iron …
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According to the grade of the bauxite ore, 2–3 tonnes of ore yield one tonne of alumina and about one tonne of red mud (dry weight). When designing an alumina plant, factors other than the type of bauxite ore to be used as feed material and the form of alumina to be produced have to be taken into consideration. A high silica content of the ...
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There are only 12 common elements (oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, titanium, hydrogen, manganese, phosphorus) that occur in the earth's crust. They have abundances of 0.1 percent or more. All other naturally occurring elements are found in very minor or trace amounts.
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The Bayer process holds an exclusive status for alumina extraction, but a massive amount of caustic "red mud" waste is generated. In this work, three oxalate reagents: potassium hydrogen oxalate (KHC …
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The mineral phase composition of iron-rich bauxite was identified by X-ray dif-fraction (XRD) as shown in Figure 4(b). It can be seen that the gibbsite [Al(OH) 3], diaspore …
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The hydrothermal treatment of the BR aims in the reduction of the prevailing Fe phase which is hematite and the formation of magnetite which presents high magnetic susceptibility and by this to enhance the efficiency of the magnetic separation.
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The Bayer process is a chemical process for refining aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH) 3 from bauxite; this aluminium hydroxide is subsequently calcined to produce alumina, Al 2 O 3.The basis of the Bayer process is an understanding of the characteristics of the sodium-hydroxide—sodium-aluminate solution relationship, namely its ability to keep sodium …
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Therefore, while extracting alumina from high-iron bauxite, the comprehensive utilization of iron minerals with low consumption and high efficiency could significantly reduce the costs of alumina production and the amount of outgoing red mud, which was of great importance to the sustainable development of the alumina industry.
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Bauxite residue represents an interesting source for major elements such as aluminium, iron and titanium, but also for rare-earth elements (REEs) (Binnemans et al., 2015). The chemical composition of bauxite residue shows a very wide variability, as it depends on the origin of the bauxite ore and the operational conditions during the …
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valuable components from bauxite ore residue, the recovery of iron [6, 7] and titanium [4, 8, 9] are greatly focused on. Pyro-metallurgical process and hydrometallurgical pro-cess are both used to recovery titanium in bauxite ore residue [10]. The pyro-metallurgical methods are usually include extraction of pig iron. The bauxite ore residue was ...
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Sequential extraction of mercury. ... In the separation of alumina from bauxite ore major amount of iron oxides is utilized but in bauxite ore trace amounts of elemental mercury were seen (Staun et al., 2018). In the coal combustion process, mercury is seen the coal deposits in the form of bottom ash, fly ash fluidized bed combustion, …
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by fourfold subsequent to separation of iron and alumina from bauxite residue. Keywords: Bauxite residue, Iron, Alumina, Gaseous reduction, Soda ash roasting, REEs. 1. Introduction The generation of bauxite residue during the production of alumina from bauxite ore is considered as one of the major concerns of alumina refineries throughout …
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The iron oxide in bauxite ore is present as hematite or goethite; silica as clay; and free quartz and titania as leucoxene or rutile. ... [Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4] and other impurities in minor or trace amounts. In lateritic ore, the main silicate mineral is kaolinite and often associated with goethite. The other common silicate mineral in bauxite ...
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which large amounts of a residue, called bauxite residue (BR), are generated. As an example, 1 ton of alumina production can generate from 0.8 to 1.5 tons of BR (depending largely on the quality of the bauxite ore used).[3] BR holds all the insoluble/less-soluble com-pounds of bauxite ore in the Bayer leaching solution,
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The metal concentration in ore (column 3 in Table Enrichment Factor) can also be expressed in terms of the proportion of metal and waste rock produced after processing one metric ton (1,000 kg) of ore. Iron is at one extreme, with up to 690 kg of Fe metal and only 310 kg of waste rock produced from pure iron ore, and gold is at the other ...
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In Europe, the total amount of bauxite residue produced from the alumina industry is stockpiled at a rate of 7 million tons (Mt) on a dry basis per year. ... indicate that BR-pig iron offers life cycle environmental benefits only for mineral resource scarcity—by avoiding iron ore extraction, and freshwater eutrophication—by avoiding ...
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In this work, three oxalate reagents: potassium hydrogen oxalate (KHC 2 O 4), potassium tetraoxalate (KHC 2 O 4 ·H 2 C 2 O 4), and oxalic acid (H 2 C 2 O 4) were investigated for the Al and Fe extraction …
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Scandium associates with the iron-bearing mineral phases in bauxite residue and thus scandium extraction typically requires co-extraction of iron in relatively large quantities (Borra et al., 2015). One approach to achieving iron separation is carbothermic smelting (Borra et al., 2016a).
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